Twelfth Night Film Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 985 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/07/29 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: Twelfth Night Essay William Shakespeare Essay Did you like this example? Issues of gender identity and alternative sexualities register differently when reading twelfth Night than in viewing the globe production by James Bulman in Bearding the Queen: Male Cross-Dressing at the New Globe. When reading twelfth Night, gender identity and sexuality is used as a concept for self-identity. The way Viola cross-dresses as Cesario helps in showing how much she benefited when she was a woman than when she was a man. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Twelfth Night Film Essay" essay for you Create order Dramatic irony quotes such as A little thing would make me tell them how much I lack of a man (III, IV, 255-6) reoccur throughout the play and is seen as a reminder that the characters have an underlying femininity. Viola goes through a change of identity and just like her name her behavior disrupts the conservative female behavior. She lived in a male authoritative society alone after she lost her brother and father which was hard. However, she works as a male and takes on the male attire, the male dress is seen as practical means of survival although she identifies herself as a female. By cross-dressing Viola replaces herself as male and takes control of her own life. On the other hand, viewing the globe production by James Bulman in Bearding the Queen: Male Cross-Dressing at the New Globe, issues of gender identity and cross-dressing are seen as performative as opposed to innate (Bulman 75). Gender is seen as a sexual desire and a cultural construct as opposed to just a simple difference in biology. This means that gender is identified by situational behavior and external code of conduct rather than an interior and essential gender identity. The second way when reading twelfth Night issues of gender identity and sexuality is seen through extra-textual cross-dressing. Gender coherence of characters is seen in a dramatic text and can be displayed through cross-dressing. By using such a character in the text, the character is forced at different times to play the roles of both female and male. Using double entendre and dramatic irony helps to enhance the characters relationship with the readers. The way that Cesario as Viola is resourceful, empathetic and can show different desires when it comes to different characters shows that the representation of the cross-dresser is positive. Issues of gender identity and alternative sexualities register differently in viewing of the globe production described by James Bulman in Bearding the Queen: Male Cross-Dressing at the New Globe are however different. Cross-dressing is seen as a way of adding comic effect to the play. According to Bulman Drag is a sly parody of femininity (84).This means that the actors are cross-dressed and dressed in drag so as to add what Bulman calls comic benefits of drag (84). Therefore, the play avoids the choice of a traditional cast of the play and also the all-male comedic aspect. According to James C. Bulman notes, the all-male production differs from a traditional version, in which men play men and women play women as it casts an all-male members for the plays(76). The Elizabethan stage is different from the traditional version where each gender would play their gender roles. This means that it was an all-male cast and wore Elizabethan dress as the male cross-dressed. The Elizabethan stage or an all-male production is a stage where considerable multiplicity and fluidity is seen when it comes to channeling sexual energies. I agree with Bulmans thesis that a traditional version would not be the same and it would have eliminated the pun and the comic relief of the cross-dressed men. The casting of Viola disguised as the page Cesario is proved to be more acceptable as in the globe performance, the all-male cast acted as an alienating device to identify with sexual desire and gender identity. The audiences were receptive to the gender provocations in a popular venue like the globe which heavily appeals families, tourists and school children. If I was producing a version of this play, I would you cast it with regards to gender the traditional cast for the play. This is because a traditional casting would is simple and it will appeal to majority of the audiences. By casting male-male and female-female in their true gender, the audiences would have it easy to understand issues of gender identities and alternative sexualities in line of who is male and who is female. However, the traditional casting would have its disadvantages as the element of humor in the play is sacrificed which is addressed in a direct way when an all-male cast is featured. The main factor which would impact my decision on the type of production would be the type of audience attending the play. Possibly, if the play was to be produced to an audience that is familiar with Shakespeare and Twelfth Night, I would have considered an all-male production. This will help increase the cosmic effect and potential humor throughout the play. Therefore, this means that my choice of casting will depend on the circumstances as well as the audiences involved in the play. Another way in which the audience would impact my choice of casting is that those who have read or are familiar with Shakespeare and Twelfth Night would embrace the homoerotic undertone during the production. For example, when reading twelfth Night Antonio when talking to Sebastian says that I could not stand behind you. My desire, /more sharp than filed steel, did spur me fourth (3.3.4-5). This way, Antonio and Sebastians relationship can be seen to be embracing a homoerotic undertone. However, when it comes to the production Antonio can be seen as a mentor and even a care giver to Sebastian. Therefore, first time audiences would have a problem when it comes to identifying the homoerotic nature of Antonio and Sebastians relationship. References Bulman, James C. Bearding the Queen: Male Cross-Dressing at the New Globe. Shakespearean Performance: New Studies (2008): 74-91. Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Twelfth Night. Boston; New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1928. Print.

How to Write Great Ledes for Feature Stories

When you think of newspapers, you probably tend to focus on the hard-news stories that fill the front page. But much of the writing found in any newspaper is done in a much more feature-oriented way. Writing ledes for feature stories, as opposed to  hard-news ledes, requires a different approach. Feature Ledes vs. Hard-News Ledes Hard-news ledes need to get all the important points of the story — the who, what, where, when, why, and how — into the first sentence  or two, so that if the reader only wants the basic facts, he or she gets them quickly. The more of a news story he or she reads, the more detail he gets. Feature ledes, sometimes called delayed, narrative, or anecdotal ledes, unfold more slowly. They allow the writer to tell a story in a more traditional, sometimes chronological way. The objective is to draw the readers into the story and to make them want to read more. Setting a Scene, Painting a Picture Feature ledes often begin by setting a scene or painting a picture of a person or place. Here’s a Pulitzer Prize-winning example by Andrea Elliott of The New York Times: The young Egyptian professional could pass for any New York Bachelor. Dressed in a crisp polo shirt and swathed in Cologne, he races his Nissan Maxima through the rain-slicked streets of Manhattan, late for a date with a tall brunette. At red lights, he fusses with his hair. What sets the Bachelor apart from other young men on the make is the chaperone sitting next to him — a tall, bearded man in a white robe and stiff embroidered hat. Notice how Elliott effectively uses phrases like â€Å"crisp polo shirt† and â€Å"rain-slicked streets.† The reader doesnt yet know exactly what this article is about, but he or she is drawn into the story through these descriptive passages. Using an Anecdote Another way to begin a feature is to tell a story or an anecdote. Here’s an example by Edward Wong of The New York Times Beijing bureau: BEIJING — The first sign of trouble was powder in the baby’s urine. Then there was blood. By the time the parents took their son to the hospital, he had no urine at all. Kidney stones were the problem, doctors told the parents. The baby died on May 1 in the hospital, just two weeks after the first symptoms appeared. His name was Yi Kaixuan. He was 6 months old. The parents filed a lawsuit on Monday in the arid northwest province of Gansu, where the family lives, asking for compensation from Sanlu Group, the maker of the powdered baby formula that Kaixuan had been drinking. It seemed like a clear-cut liability case; since last month, Sanlu has been at the center of China’s biggest contaminated food crisis in years. But as in two other courts dealing with related lawsuits, judges have so far declined to hear the case. Taking Time to Tell the Story You’ll notice that both Elliott and Wong take several paragraphs to begin their stories. That’s fine — feature ledes in newspapers generally take two to four paragraphs to set a scene or convey an anecdote; magazine articles can take much longer. But pretty soon, even a feature story has to get to the point. The Nut Graph The nut graph is where the feature writer lays out for the reader exactly what the story is all about. It usually follows the first few paragraphs of the scene-setting or storytelling the writer has done. A nut graph can be a single paragraph or more. Here’s Elliott’s lede again, this time with the nut graph included: The young Egyptian professional could pass for any New York Bachelor. Dressed in a crisp polo shirt and swathed in Cologne, he races his Nissan Maxima through the rain-slicked streets of Manhattan, late for a date with a tall brunette. At red lights, he fusses with his hair. What sets the Bachelor apart from other young men on the make is the chaperone sitting next to him — a tall, bearded man in a white robe and stiff embroidered hat. I pray that Allah will bring this couple together, the man, Sheik Reda Shata, says, clutching his seat belt and urging the Bachelor to slow down. (Here is the nut graph, along with the following sentence): Christian singles meet for  coffee. Young Jews have JDate. But many Muslims believe that it is forbidden for an unmarried man and woman to meet in private. In predominantly Muslim countries, the job of making introductions and even arranging marriages typically falls to a vast network of family and friends. In Brooklyn, there is Mr. Shata. Week after week, Muslims embark on dates with him in tow. Mr. Shata, the imam of a Bay Ridge mosque, juggles some 550 marriage candidates, from a gold-toothed electrician to a professor at Columbia University. The meetings often unfold on the green velour couch of his office or over a meal at his favorite Yemeni restaurant on Atlantic Avenue. So now the reader knows – this is the story of a Brooklyn imam who helps bring young Muslim couples together for marriage. Elliott could just as easily have written the story with a hard-news lede something like this: An imam based in Brooklyn says he works as a chaperone with hundreds of young Muslims in an effort to bring them together for marriage. That’s certainly quicker. But it’s not nearly as interesting as Elliott’s descriptive, well-crafted approach. When to Use the Feature Approach When done right, feature ledes can be a joy to read. But feature ledes aren’t appropriate for every story in print or online. Hard-news ledes are generally used for breaking news  and for more important, time-sensitive stories. Feature ledes are generally used on stories that are less deadline-oriented and for those that examine issues in a more in-depth way.

An Investigation Into The Nature And Causes Of The Wealth...

SOCB42- Classical Sociological Theory Professor Daniel Silver TUT0001 TA Katie Stuart Joyce (Fong) Liu 1001717458 Throughout the book An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith uses the term â€Å"commercial society† rather than more accustomed words like â€Å"capitalism.† Smith explains what he means by this term, is when the division of labour has been once thoroughly established, it is but a small part of a man’s want which the produce of his own labour can supply. He supplies the far greater part of them by exchanging that surplus part of the produce of his own labour, which is over and above his own consumption, for such parts of the produce of other’s men’s labour as he has occasion for. Every man thus lives by exchanging, or becomes in some measure a merchant, and the society itself grows to be what is properly a commercial society (Smith, 2003, p. 37). He was trying to say is that commercial society is a civilization where everyone is a merchant: a dealer, trader, and seller. Throughout the book, Smith starts having an agreement and disagreement on commercial society, which is a commercial society deforms human nature. However, continuing reading his book, there are more benefits of a commercial society than the drawbacks. A commercial society does not damage human nature, instead improves human nature by acting on one’s self-interest to bring positive benefits to society, connects and aids members of society together through trade andShow MoreRelatedEssay about Karl Marx and a Capitalist Society764 Words   |  4 PagesKarl Marx and a Capitalist Society Through out history money, wealth and capital have dictated a way of life to the masses. Wealth dictated the lives that the rich lived and the lives of the poor that worked for and surrounded them. 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Lufthansa Airlines

Questions: 1. What type of international strategy has Lufthansa chosen and what means has it used to expand internationally? 2. Assess the elements and objectives of Lufthansa's cooperative strategies. 3. What options does Lufthansa have for managing cooperative strategies, protecting the company from risks, and sustaining success? How can Lufthansa's role in the Star Alliance influence performance? Answers: Introduction: Lufthansa, also known as Deutsche Lufthansa, is a German flag carrier. It is the largest airline in Europe. It operates in 18 domestic destinations and 197 international destinations in 78 countries across America, Africa, Europe and Asia. It has a total of 280 aircrafts. Lufthansas offices and headquarters are in cologne. It was one of the five founding members of the Star Alliance which is the worlds largest airline alliance founded in 1997. 1. The international strategy of Lufthansa and its expansion world-wide: Lufthansa has chosen the transnational strategy to achieve global recognition.The market of Lufthansa has become saturated in Europe and like any other company it needed to expand outside. The transnational strategy has been successful due to the alliances that Lufthansa has made with other carriers, other partnerships and great customer service. Lufthansa, ever since has carried on with this strategy to become the undisputed leader of Europe. In order to expand internationally, Lufthansa has made strategic alliances with groups like Star Alliance which is the biggest of the global airlines alliances. The Star Alliance is comprised of 28 members including its five founders, Lufthansa, Air Canada, Thai airways, Scandinavian Airlines and United Airlines. This alliance has been able to give Lufthansa the opportunity to reduce resources and costs. This has been possible because it has shared its installation with other airlines partners. This resource sharing has lead to the gaining of higher profits. This alliance has also allowed Lufthansa to enter new markets without facing the risk of market entry and also without paying a vast amount of money. Lufthansa also acquired smaller carriers and created other alliances to launch new flying destinations. It entered The American market, with the joining of Continental Airlines within The Star Alliance (Tigrai Online, 2012). It is a competitive advantage of Lufthansa to be able to f ly in many international destinations. It has also formed partnerships with airlines in China and India which has opened new destinations for it. 2. The objectives and elements of Lufthansas Cooperative strategies: Lufthansas main aims are profitable growth and sustainability. Lufthansa has used a network Cooperative strategy that has allowed them to form many partnerships with the members of the Star Alliance. Lufthansa is involved with a number of cooperative strategies. These Strategies enable Lufthansa to serve its customers better, compared to its competitors and also help keeping their customers in a certain network. By combining capabilities and resources with the alliances Lufthansa has been able to offer more flights to its customers, more destinations, better service and better flight connections. Lufthansa has also been able to improve its network in transatlantic traffic by making alliances with airlines like United Airlines, continental airlines and Air Canada. For increasing its networks in Africa and Eastern Europe, Lufthansa has created strategic alliance with Brussels Airlines and Australian airlines (Miller, Vandome McBrewster, 2009). Lufthansas cooperative strategy: Being in a cooperative strategy is not free of risks .However, Lufthansa is aware of specific risks of partnerships and alliances and threats from competitors. These risks can happen if alliances are based on false notions and motives. Risks can also arrive if one of the partners fail o make the necessary investment for the development of a product or service needed for the purpose of the alliance. Thus in such cases, Lufthansa has to find suitable strategic partners who can help the alliance in positive ways (Drijber Dictus, 2014). The goal of Lufthansa was to expand and rescue the company by achieving a competitive market position in order to become a profitable company. Lufthansa adjusted itself to competitions and markets and reoriented its strategy. Lufthansa in order to initiate success went for strategic alliances and cooperation. In the personal arena, the aim was increase of employment. Lufthansa also initiated economic instruments, technical progress, operational measures and improved infrastructure for the success of the Airlines. 3. Contribution of Lufthansa towards Star Alliance: Lufthansa has contributed largely towards the future of Star Alliance (COMKOM GmbH, 2015). It provided it the best opportunity to operate successfully against competition. Lufthansas multi brand and multi hub strategies have contributed largely towards the future growth and stability of Star Alliance. Lufthansa with the integration with airlines such as Brussels airlines, has strengthened its position as a leading international network carrier. With the success of Lufthansa airlines the opportunity of Star Alliance is also increasing. Lufthansa is proving with the attractiveness for other airlines to join Star Alliance for its remarkable revenue growth and cost effectiveness. Airlines such as Air India have joined Star Alliance and many more Airlines have joined in the recent time. Conclusion: Lufthansa, also known as Deutsche Lufthansa, is a German flag carrier. It is the largest airline in Europe. Lufthansa has chosen the transnational strategy to achieve global recognition. Lufthansas main aims are profitable growth and sustainability (Brusselsairlines.com, 2015). The goal of Lufthansa was to expand and rescue the company by achieving a competitive market position in order to become a profitable company. Lufthansa has contributed largely towards the future of Star Alliance. References: Brusselsairlines.com,. (2015). Brussels Airlines and Lufthansa. Retrieved 19 February 2015, from https://www.brusselsairlines.com/en-lt/corporate/partnerships/brussels-airlines-and-lufthansa.aspx COMKOM GmbH, G. (2015). Group strategy - Corporate Facts - Lufthansa Group. Investor-relations.lufthansagroup.com. Retrieved 19 February 2015, from https://investor-relations.lufthansagroup.com/en/fakten-zum-unternehmen/group-strategy.html Drijber, B., Dictus, G. (2014). Lufthansa. Markt En Mededinging, 17(1), 28-31. doi:10.5553/menm/138762362014017001005 Miller, F., Vandome, A., McBrewster, J. (2009). Lufthansa. Beau Bassin, Mauritius: Alphascript Pub. Tigrai Online,. (2012). Lufthansa Technik to Support Ethiopian Airlines 787 Fleet. Retrieved 19 February 2015, from https://tigraionline.com/news/2012/10/25/lufthansa-technik-to-support-ethiopian-airlines-787-fleet/